The Independent
Independent House
191 Marsh Wall, London E 149 RS


Valladolid, 6th May 2002


Dear Sir:

My name is Alfonso Balmori and I am a biologist and ornithologist from Valladolid (Spain).

I am writing to you in order to send you my hypothesis about the decline of a couple of birds species, House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), in lots of British cities.

The hypothesis has its origin in my tracking of birds in a park in Valladolid (Spain) from 1996, 1997, 1998 and 2002. Even though this study is not finished yet, it seems the preliminary results led to the decline of several species as has happened in England.
With the hypothesis I will present in the following, which has not been published, I pretend to opt for the prize that you have proposed, even in the non-scientific side: "will be considered for inclusion if the particular observation or theory proves to be the starting point for the final scientific explanation" (Michel McCarthy 16/5/2000 The Independent).

I have sent this letter by ordinary mail, could you please confirm its receipt and its acceptance for the context of your journal.

Now I will provide the evidence to support my hypothesis.

With best wishes.

Alfonso Balmori Martínez
Spain



Evidence of a connection between Sparrow decline and the introduction of Phone mast GSM (Global system for mobile communication)

Alfonso Balmori Martínez

“Disappearance of the Sparrow and the introduction of phone mast GSM correlate closely in terms of time”.


Evidence:


Since the second half of the nineties Base Stations for mobile telecommunication have been spreading across the urban centres. These base stations have increased the electromagnetic contamination “electrosmog” in the urban centres. The fundamental reason is that these devices produce 900 and 1800 MHz pulsated waves that interfere in the nervous system of living beings. There exist many scientific studies that warn about the danger for health in human and living beings of this kind of electromagnetic radiation electromagnética (MRW: microwave radiation). In Annex 1 a list of bibliographic references that deal with the dangerous effects of this radiation on health are presented (look for example G.J. Hyland: “Physics and biology of mobile telephony”: The Lancet, vol 356: 1-8. 25/11/2000).

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The circumstantial evidence of a connection between Sparrow decline and the introduction of Telecommunication Mast and Base Stations is strong. As the disappearance of the house Sparrow from the large cities correlates with the introduction of phone masts, the possibility that such cell masts (towers) are involved surely requires immediate investigation.

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The high frequency RF fields produced a response in many types of neurons in the avian Central Nervous System (Annex 2)

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Besides, some studies warn about the effects of these radiations on reproduction: Decreases in sperm counts and smaller tube development in rat testes (Dasdag et al., 1999) and increases in embryonic mortality of chickens, (Youbicier-Simo, et al., 1998).

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Why have British Sparrow populations indeed collapsed in big cities but not in small towns?: The number of Telecommunication Masts in big cities and the use of mobile phones, in general, is much greater than in small towns. Big cities usually have more electromagnetic contamination, but this differs between areas (vicinity of Masts) and because of this the decline of these birds does not happen to the same degree in different parks or neighbourhoods or different cities. Small towns usually have the telecommunication masts located away from the urban centre because this is sufficient to maintain the coverage. Because of this birds are less affected in small towns and villages.

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Telecommunication Masts usually are installed in high places in order to achieve more coverage for the signal. For this reason there is lower density power in lower places. These waves impact to the species in different ways depending on the breeding height, the height of singing, feeding, nest location, kind of nest etc. This is the reason for the decline of species that frequent roofs, aerials, phone wires or those with higher breeding height such us House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Magpies (Pica pica), but not those that live near the ground and vegetation like Blackbirds (Turdus merula), Robins (Erithacus rubecula), Wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes), or those that breed in cavities where they are more protected like the Blue Tit (Parus caeruleus), Great Tit (Parus major), Coal Tit (Parus ater). Apart from that, it is likely that each specie will show different susceptibility to these radiations.

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In November 1999, in Scotland over one third of all Scottish Local Planning Authorities adopted or publicly committed themselves in to adopting precautionary policies as a direct result, by choosing to keep transmitter masts away from schools and residential areas.

Two years later the demise of the House Sparrows appears to have been reversed in Scotland (Paul Kelbie 10/11/2001, The Independent).

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It is most likely that the same will happen in Northern Ireland very soon as there will be Planning controls on mobile phones masts, and the new regulations will be stricter than any other region of the U.K. (Marie Foy, 11/4/2002, Belfast Telegraph). So we might expect an increase in House Sparrows and Starlings in Northern Ireland in the next few years.

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The electromagnetic field is the perfect secret agent: you cannot see it, you cannot smell it, you cannot hear it, you cannot feel it and its effects are slow but relentless (Look report Stewart in http://icgmp.gov.uk and Annex 3, 4 and 5).




My investigation:

My study was carried out in the park of Campo Grande in the centre of Valladolid during 1996, 1997 and 1998, when there were just a few Telecommunication Masts in Valladolid, and the results have been compared with those for the current year 2002, when the city has been covered in its totality. Now there are, at least, 5 Base Stations of three telecommunication operators in the vicinity of this park.
There are several places in Valladolid where birds have disappeared with levels of radiation between 2 and 10 V/m. In recent years, lots of carrier pigeons got lost because of the electromagnetic fields coming from the Telecommunication Masts and Base Stations.



Provisional results


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Birds tend to avoid places with high levels of electromagnetic contamination. Some “silence areas” clearly exists where there are no song males.

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11% of the species of breed have disappeared slowly from the park (2 of 17)

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The number of song males of several species have decreased.


References

Note from G. Blackwell
I also have a fuller description of the study of Campo Grande, referred to above - in Spanish.
If you wish to have a copy of this, email me and I will email it back [email grahame]

And there’s more...